GC: n CT: Biomass is relatively cleaner than coal and is the only renewable carbon resource that can be directly converted into fuel. Biomass can significantly contribute to the world’s energy needs if harnessed sustainably. However, there are also problems associated with the thermal conversion of biomass. This paper investigates

See carbon dioxide

GC: n CT: The vast majority of CO2 allowances issued by each RGGI state are distributed through quarterly, regional CO2 allowance auctions. Proceeds from the auctions are returned to states and invested in consumer benefit programs: energy efficiency, renewable energy, direct energy bill assistance and other greenhouse gas reduction programs.

GC: npl CT: The increase in global emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) from fossil-fuel combustion and other smaller industrial sources – the main cause of human-induced global warming – slowed down in 2012, while the global average annual growth rate of 2.4 ppm in atmospheric CO2 concentrations in 2012 was

GC: n CT: The energy we get from coal today comes from the energy that plants absorbed from the sun millions of years ago. All living plants store solar energy through a process known as photosynthesis. When plants die, this energy is usually released as the plants decay. Under conditions

GC: n CT: A cofferdam is a temporary structure designed to keep water and/or soil out of the excavation in which a bridge pier or other structure is built. When construction must take place below the water level, a cofferdam is built to give workers a dry work environment. Sheet

GC: n CT: Combined heat and power (CHP), also known as cogeneration, is the simultaneous production of electricity and heat from a single fuel source, such as: natural gas, biomass, biogas, coal, waste heat, or oil. CHP is not a single technology, but an integrated energy system that can be

GC: n CT: The most exciting hypothesis in cognitive science right now is the theory that cognition is embodied. Like all good ideas in cognitive science, however, embodiment immediately came to mean six different things. The most common definitions involve the straight-forward claim that “states of the body modify states

GC: n CT: Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary study of mind and intelligence, embracing philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology. Its intellectual origins are in the mid-1950s when researchers in several fields began to develop theories of mind based on complex representations and computational procedures. Its organizational origins

GC: n CT: The increasing demand of fossil fuels and decreasing light oil proven reserves lead to a future scenario of abundant coke production from the refinement of non-conventional fossil hydrocarbons. This paper highlights the possibility of using coke as an agrichar for preparing fertile soils resembling Amazonian terra preta.

CG: n CT: Because today coal-getting is concentrated at a few working places where output is greatest, ‘natural’ homogenization of raw coal in the course of mining has become limited. More coal homogenization depots or bunkers must therefore be provided in conjunction with mixed end product depots, which, apart from leading

GC: n CT: Cold shuts occur when two relatively cold streams of molten metal from different gates meet and do not fuse together properly during the casting process. This problem is visible to the naked eye – giving the appearance of a crack separating the two sections. Cold shuts can

GC: n CT: There has been tremendous progress in vehicle safety in the past few decades. Improvements in seat belts, air bags, visibility and lighting have dramatically reduced road deaths in the USA. The fatality rate per 100 million vehicles miles travelled fell from 5.5 to 1.8 from the mid

See wind energy

GC: n CT: Combined Cycles in Stationary Gas Turbine for Power Production. The turbine entry temperature in a gas turbine (Brayton) cycle is considerably higher than the peak steam temperature. Depending on the compression ratio of the gas turbine, the turbine exhaust temperature may be high enough to permit efficient

GC: n CT: Since biomass is the only carbon-based renewable fuel, its application becomes more and more important for climate protection. Among the thermochemical conversion technologies (i.e., combustion, gasification, and pyrolysis), combustion is the only proven technology for heat and power production. Biomass combustion systems are available in the size

GC: n CT: Many of the concepts used within the complexity sciences derive originally from work done in the mid 20th Century on Cybernetics (Wiener), based on the earlier work on Information Theory (Shannon), and General Systems Theory (von Bertalanffy). These ideas were all attempts to quantify in a rigorous

GC: n CT: Recycling green waste as compost could match the environmental benefits of converting it into renewable energy, in terms of CO2 savings, according to new German research. It suggests that the two forms of waste management should be seen as complementary and both should receive subsidies. Green waste

GC: n CT: Composting means the autothermic (self heating) and thermophilic biological decomposition and stabilisation of biodegradable waste under controlled conditions that result in a stable sanitised material that can be applied to land for the benefit of agriculture, horticulture or ecological improvement. Composting can range from simple outdoor windrows

CG: n CT: Computational intelligence is the study of the design of intelligent agents. An agent is something that acts in an environment—it does something. Agents include worms, dogs, thermostats, airplanes, humans, organizations, and society. An intelligent agent is a system that acts intelligently: What it does is appropriate for its

GC: n CT: Computational Science is a rapidly growing multi- and interdisciplinary field that uses advanced computing and data analysis to understand and solve complex problems. It has reached a level of predictive capability that now firmly complements the traditional pillars of experimentation and theory. The recent advances in experimental

GC: n CT: Computer engineering is a dynamic and broadly interdisciplinary field that continues to experience rapid professional growth that impacts every area of human endeavor. Computer engineers apply their knowledge to the design of digital circuits and software in various areas, including cell phones, computers, computer networks, computer vision,

GC: n CT: A computer network is a group of computer systems and other computing hardware devices that are linked together through communication channels to facilitate communication and resource-sharing among a wide range of users. Networks are commonly categorized based on their characteristics. One of the earliest examples of a

GC: n CT: Computer science is a discipline that spans theory and practice. It requires thinking both in abstract terms and in concrete terms. The practical side of computing can be seen everywhere. Nowadays, practically everyone is a computer user, and many people are even computer programmers. Getting computers to