GC: n CT: Our third and final viewpoint on artificial life reveals some deep connections between biology and computer science, and again relies on some key insights from Alan Turing. Research in molecular biology has revealed extraordinarily complex networks of biochemical interactions in living cells. As the details of such

CG: n CT: Although the popularity of artificial reefs has increased in recent years, the idea isn’t new. Humans have been accidentally making reef structures as long as they have been exploring the oceans (and wrecking their ships in the process). By the 1800s, some fishers were intentionally throwing logs into rivers

See HUMANTERM: https://humantermuem.es/asphalt

CG: n CT: A public-key algorithm (also known as an asymmetric algorithm) is one where the keys used for encryption and decryption are different, and the decryption key cannot be calculated from the encryption key. This allows someone to keep a public-key/private-key pair. S: ScDir – shorturl.at/uCUW4 (last access: 31 December

GC: n CT: Exploring the nature of the atom. Uranium was discovered in 1789 by Martin Klaproth, a German chemist, and named after the planet Uranus. Ionising radiation was discovered by Wilhelm Rontgen in 1895, by passing an electric current through an evacuated glass tube and producing continuous X-rays. Then

GC: n CT: ‘Attractors‘ are all-or-none states abstracted from dynamic trajectories. Each attractor can represent a symbol. A symbol is present when the phase-space trajectory belongs to the corresponding attractor. There are as many symbols as ‘attraction basins‘. No symbol is instantiated in a state characterized by a ‘chaotic attractor‘.

CG: n CT: Augmented reality (AR) is the integration of digital information with the user’s environment in real time. Unlike virtual reality (VR), which creates a totally artificial environment, AR users experience a real-world environment with generated perceptual information overlaid on top of it. Augmented reality has a variety of

GC: n CT: Reasoning is the ability to make inferences, and automated reasoning is concerned with the building of computing systems that automate this process. Although the overall goal is to mechanize different forms of reasoning, the term has largely been identified with valid deductive reasoning as practiced in mathematics

GC: n CT: In order to better answer the current needs of training in automatic control engineering in higher education, Scilab joined forces with Didalab, the French specialist of the educational equipment. This association gave birth to D_Scil, ideal tool to teach automatic engineering. The pedagogical purpose of D_Scil is

GC: n CT: Automatic Control Systems provides engineers with a fresh new controls book that places special emphasis on mechatronics. It follows a revolutionary approach by actually including a physical lab. In addition, readers will find authoritative coverage of modern design tools and examples. Current mechatronics applications build motivation to

GC: n CT: Automatic Natural Language Processing and the Detection of Reading Skills and Reading Comprehension. The primary goal of this study is to assess two approaches for detecting comprehension processes in R-SAT (Reading Strategy Assessment Tool). One approach is based on Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) while the other is

GC: n CT: Automatic speech recognition (ASR) can be defined as the independent, computer-driven transcription of spoken language into readable text in real time (Stuckless, 1994). In a nutshell, ASR is technology that allows a computer to identify the words that a person speaks into a microphone or telephone and

GC: n CT: Automation is the creation of technology and its application in order to control and monitor the production and delivery of various goods and services. It performs tasks that were previously performed by humans. Automation is being used in a number of areas such as manufacturing, transport, utilities,

GC: n CT: Leonardo Da Vinci wrote extensively about automatons, and his personal notebooks are littered with ideas for mechanical creations ranging from a hydraulic water clock to a robotic lion. Perhaps most extraordinary of all is his plan for an artificial man in the form of an armored Germanic

GC: n CT: One major area of autonomous vehicle development concerns an area where machines have already been used for over a century – the motor car. Cars are so widely used that there is already a coherent system in place to organise their operation, perhaps making it easier to

See Humanterm: https://humantermuem.es/autopoiesis

GC: n CT: Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs. Living organisms obtain chemical energy in one of two ways. Autotrophs, shown in Figure below, store chemical energy in carbohydrate food molecules they build themselves. Food is chemical energy stored in organic molecules. Food provides both the energy to do work and the carbon

See HUMANTERM: https://humantermuem.es/avalanche

CG: n CT: An instant messaging user may be represented in communications with other users by an avatar that is capable of being animated or may convey information about the user by displaying other types of self-expression items, such as non-animated icons, sounds, wallpaper, or objects associated with an avatar or

CG: n CT: The azimuth angle is the compass direction from which the sunlight is coming. At solar noon, the sun is always directly south in the northern hemisphere and directly north in the southern hemisphere. The azimuth angle varies throughout the day as shown in the animation below. S:

CG: n CT: These three interwoven processes—a loss function that tracks model error across different inputs, the backward propagation of that error to see how different parts of the network contribute to the error and the gradient descent algorithms that adjust model weights accordingly—are how deep learning models “learn.” As such,

GC: n CT: What is bagasse? When sugarcane is squeezed for its juice, a fibrous pulp material is left over. This material is processed into a usable form called ‘bagasse’. For each 10 tonnes of sugarcane crushed, nearly 3 tonnes of wet bagasse is produced. Bagasse is typically used to

GC: n CT: Banking Energy. The fact that electrical energy must be used in real time, when it’s generated, creates a host of problems. Geothermal plants produce electricity around the clock and need a way to save the electricity they produce at night for more productive times of day. Wind

GC: n CT: The term “bathymetry” originally referred to the ocean’s depth relative to sea level, although it has come to mean “submarine topography,” or the depths and shapes of underwater terrain. In the same way that topographic maps represent the three-dimensional features (or relief) of overland terrain, bathymetric maps